[ Papers ]

Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers - Vol. 30, No. 5, pp.402-409

ISSN: 2508-5107 (Online)

Print publication date 15 Oct 2021

Received 19 May 2021 Revised 08 Aug 2021 Accepted 31 Aug 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7735/ksmte.2021.30.5.402

유연한 PDMS 재료의 마이크로 프레넬 렌즈의 스트레칭 실험에 관한 연구

이왕훈^a ; Truong Van Vu^a ; 신부현^a ; 이호철^a^{, *}

Study on the Stretching Experiment of Micro Flexible Fresnel Lens of PDMS Material

Wanghun Lee^a ; Truong Van Vu^a ; Buhyun Shin^a ; Hocheol Lee^a^{, *}

aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hanbat National University

Correspondence to: ^*Tel.: +82-42-821-1087 E-mail address: hclee@hanbat.ac.kr (Hocheol Lee).

Abstract

This study proposes an experimental stretching method and its effect using a flexible micro Fresnel lens made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material with 25 mm diameter, 1mm thickness. The PDMS lens is strained by a four-degree-of-freedom (DOF) stretching device to change the lens’s curvature. This stretching device consists of four linear stepping motors, placed concentric symmetry at the center of the PDMS lens. Each motor is operated via an A4988 stepper driver that receives the speed signal from the Arduino UNO controller. The simulation and experimental results are implemented to analyze and validate the performance of the stretched lens. The results indicated an increment of about 8% of the diameter and 12.3% of the imaging change after the stretching process.

Keywords:

Fresnel lens, Streching mechanism, PDMS, Image formation, Focus control

Acknowledgments

이 논문은 2020학년도 한밭대학교 교내학술연구비와 한국연구재단 NRF-2019R1A2C1004844 지원을 받았음.

References

Wagner, H., Douglas, R. H., Frank, T. M., Roberts, N. W., Partidge, J. C., 2009, A Novel Vertebrate Eye Using Both Refractive and Reflective Optics, Curr. Biol., 19:2 108-114. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.061]
Wapler, M. C., 2020, Ultra-fast, High-quality and Highly Compact Varifocal Lens with Spherical Aberration Correction and Low Power Consumption, Opt. Express, 28:4 4973-4987. [https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.382472]
Wapler, M. C., Lemke, F., Alia, G., Wallrabe, U., 2018, Aspherical High-speed Varifocal Mirror for Miniature Catadioptric Objectives, Opt. Express, 26:5 6090-6102. [https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.006090]
Guo, J., Zhou, B., Yang, C., Dai, Q., Kong, L., 2019, Stretchable and Upconversion-luminescent Polymeric Optical Sensor for Wearable Multifunctional Sensing, Opt. Lett., 44:23 5747-5750. [https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.44.005747]
Kelly, T. L., Naumova, A. F., Loktev, M. Y., Rakhmatulin, M. A., Zayakin, O. A., 2000, Focusing of Astigmatic Laser Diode Beam by Combination of Adaptive Liquid Crystal Lenses, Opt. Commun., 181:4-6 295-301. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00795-1]
Fuh, Y. K., Lin, M. X., 2013, Adaptive Optics Correction of a Tunable Fluidic Lens for Ophthalmic Applications, Opt. Commun., 308 100-104. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2013.05.060]
Zhang, D. Y., Justis, N., Lo, Y. H., 2005, Fluidic Adaptive Zoom Lens with High Zoom Ratio and Widely Tunable Field of View, Opt. Commun., 249:1-3 175-182. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2005.01.010]
Cheng, H. C., Xu, S., Liu, Y., Levi, S., Wu, S., 2011, Adaptive Mechanical-wetting Lens Actuated by Ferrofluids, Opt. Commun., 284:8 2118-2121. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2010.12.073]
An, H., Chen, L., Liu, X., Zhao, B., Zhang, H., Wu, Z., 2019, Microfluidic Contact Lenses for Unpowered, Continuous and Non-invasive Intraocular Pressure Monitoring, Sens. Actuator A Phys., 295 177-187. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2019.04.050]
Wang, J. H., Zhou, X., Luo, L., Yuan, R. Y., Wang, Q. H., 2019, Tunable Liquid Lens Integrated with Aspheric Surface, Opt. Commun., 445 56-63. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2019.03.066]
Lee, J., Park, Y., Chung, S. K., 2019, Multifunctional Liquid Lens for Variable Focus and Aperture, Sens. Actuator A Phys., 287 177-184. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2019.01.014]
Davis, A., Kuhnlenz, F., 2011, Optical Design using Fresnel Lenses, Opt. Photon., 2:4 52-55. [https://doi.org/10.1002/opph.201190287]
Davis, A., 2009, Raytrace Assisted Analytical Formulation of Fresnel Lens Transmission Efficiency, Proc. SPIE, 7429 7429OD1-12. [https://doi.org/10.1117/12.823742]
Kim, S. M., Jeon, E. C., 2020, Design of Aspherical Illumination Lens for Square Distribution of High Uniformity, J. Korean Soc. Manuf. Technol. Eng., 29:5 345-352. [https://doi.org/10.7735/ksmte.2020.29.5.345]
Lee, W., Hasan, S. H., Lee, H., 2017, A Study on the Visualization Method of the Micro Fresnel Optical Surface, Proc. Korean Soc. Manuf. Technol. Eng. Autumn Conf., 265.
Benerji, S., Meem, M., Majumder, A., Vasquez, F. G., Sensale-Rodriguez, B., Menon, R., 2019, Imaging with Flat Optics: Metalenses or Diffractive Lenses?, Optica, 6:6 805-810. [https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.6.000805]
Tsui, C. C., Wei, H. C., Chang, W. F., Su, G. D. J., 2012, Design and Fabrication of a Mid-wavelength Infrared Fresnel Lens via Liquid Poly(methyl methacrylate), J. Micromech. Microeng., 22:4 045010. [https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/22/4/045010]
Lee, H., Nkuruziza, D., Elsherif, M., Butt, H., 2019, Beam Characterization of the Fresnel Lens with the Ultra-precision Optics Profile, Proc. Korean Soc. Manuf. Technol. Eng. Autumn Conf., 16.
Schneider, F., Draheim, J., Muller, C., Wallrabe, U., 2009, Optimization of an Adaptive PDMS-membrane Lens with an Integrated Actuator, Sens. Actuator A Phys., 154:2 316-321. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2008.07.006]
Li, X., Wei, L., Poelma, R., Vollebregt, S., Wei, J., Urbach, H., Sarro, P., Zhang, G., 2016, Stretchable Binary Fresnel Lens for Focus Tuning, Sci. Rep., 6 25348. [https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25348]
Shao, Y., 2014, Design of a New Membrane Stretching Device, Master Thesis, Lehigh University, USA.
Kim, J. H., Park, I. N., 2020, Developement of a Flexible Gripper with Three Pneumatic Actuators, J. Korean Soc. Manuf. Technol. Eng., 29:3 195-201. [https://doi.org/10.7735/ksmte.2020.29.3.195]

Wanghun Lee

Received a BS. from Hanbat National University in 2019. He is currently studying MS. of Mechanical engineering in Hanbat National University. His research interests are bio-inspired robot and legged robot.

E-mail: wh0131_2@naver.com

Truong Vu Van

Recived a BS. from Vietnam National University in 2018. He is currently studying MS. of Mechanical engineering in Hanbat National University. His research interests are optical device and ultra-precision machining.

E-mail: vutruonglt96@gmaill.com

Buhyun Shin

Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanbat National University. His research interests are electromagnetic actuator, smart actuator and bio-inspired robot.

E-mail: jedidiah@hanbat.ac.kr

Hocheol Lee

Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanbat National University. His research interests are the optical device design, optics fabrication, ultraprecision machining, and optomechanical engineering.

E-mail: hclee@hanbat.ac.kr