Your browser does not support the PubReader view.
Go to this page to see a list of supporting browsers.
한국생산제조학회 학술지 영문 홈페이지
[ Article ]
Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers - Vol. 32, No. 3, pp.135-142
ISSN: 2508-5107 (Online)
Print publication date 15 Jun 2023
Received 24 Apr 2023 Revised 16 May 2023 Accepted 23 May 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7735/ksmte.2023.32.3.135

마이크로 분말사출성형용 마이크로/나노분말 피드스톡의 혼합 및 열분해 특성분석

최준필a ; 하태호a ; 정민교a ; 송여울a ; 이필호a, *
Characterization of Powder Loading for Micro/Nano Powder Feedstock for Micro Powder Injection Molding
Joon Phil Choia ; Taeho Haa ; Min-Kyo Junga ; Yeo-Ul Songa ; Pil-Ho Leea, *
aDepartment of 3D Printing, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials

Correspondence to: *Tel.: +82-42-868-7786 E-mail address: pilho_lee@kimm.re.kr (Pil-Ho Lee).

Abstract

This study evaluates the characterization of powder loading for 316L stainless steel (STS 316L) micro/nano powder feedstock through torque rheometry and thermal analysis. The feedstock was prepared using a bimodal powder mixture consisting of 75 vol.% micro powder (D50, 4.1 μm) and 25 vol.% nano powder (D50, 100 nm) with a wax-based binder system. The torque variation was measured to determine the critical powder loading during the feedstock mixing. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted to evaluate the decomposition behavior of the feedstock at varying powder loadings. The results indicate that a powder loading of 66 vol.% exhibits an optimal microstructure and low sensitivity to the debinding temperature, considering a suitable powder loading for micro powder injection molding (μ-PIM) of STS 316L. These findings provide significant insights for optimizing the powder loading of STS 316L feedstock for μ-PIM applications.

Keywords:

Micro powder injection molding (μ-PIM), Micro/nano powder feecstodk, Optimal powder loading, Thermal decomposition

Acknowledgments

본 논문은 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국기계연구원 기관 기본사업 (NK242J) 및 한국연구재단 나노 및 소재기술개발사업 (2021M3D1A2047721)의 지원을 받아 수행한 연구의 결과입니다.

References

  • Giboz, J., Copponex, T., Mélé, P., 2007, Microinjection Molding of Thermoplastic Polymers: A Review, J. Micromech. Microeng., 17:6 96-109. [https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/17/6/R02]
  • Heckele, M., Schomburg, W. K., 2004, Review on Micro Molding of Thermoplastic Polymers, J. Micromech. Microeng., 14:3 1-14. [https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/14/3/R01]
  • Piotter, V., Bauer, W., Benzler, T., Emde, A., 2001, Injection Molding of Components for Microsystems, Microsyst. Technol., 7 99-102. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s005420100094]
  • German, R. M., 1990, Powder Injection Molding, MPIF, New Jersey.
  • German, R. M., Bose, A., 1997, Injection Molding of Metals and Ceramics, MPIF, New Jersey.
  • Stevenson, R.W., 1984, P/M Stainless Steels, Metals Handbook. Powder Metallurgy, American Society for Metals, U.S.A.
  • Ji, C. H., Loh, N. H., Khor, K. A., Tor, S. B., 2001, Sintering Study of 316L Stainless Steel Metal Injection Molding Parts using Taguchi Method: Final Density, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 311:1-2 74-84. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(01)00942-X]
  • Mutsuddy, B. C., 1995, Ceramic Injetion Molding, Chapmman & Hall, London.
  • Tay, B. Y., Liu, L., Loh, N. H., Tor, S. B., Murakoshi, Y., Maeda, R., 2005, Surface Roughness of Microstructured Component Fabricated by μMIM, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 396:1-2 311-319. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.01.033]
  • Nishiyabu, K., Kakishita, K., Tanka, S., 2007, Micro Metal Injection Molding Using Hybrid Micro/Nano Powders, Mater. Sci. Forum, 534-536 381-384. [https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.534-536.381]
  • Yu, P. C., Li, Q. F., Fuh, J. Y. H., Li, T., Ho, P. W., 2009, Micro Injection Molding of Micro Gear using Nano-Sized Zirconia Powder, Microsyst. Technol., 15 401-406. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-008-0673-5]
  • Milne, S. J., Paterl, M., Dickinson, E., 1993, Experimental Studies of Particle Packing and Sintering Behavior of Monosize and Bimodal Spherical Silica Powders, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 11:1 1-7. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2219(93)90052-S]
  • German, R. M., 1992, Sintering Densification for Powder Mixtures of Varying Distribution Widths, Acta Metall., 40:9 2085-2089. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(92)90125-X]
  • You, W. K., Lee, J. S., Ko, S. H., Lee, W. S., 2010, Mixing Behavior and Microstructure Development during Fabrication of Fe Micro-Nano Powder Feedstock for Micro-PIM, Korean J. Met. Mater., 48:7 630-638. [https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2010.48.07.630]
  • You, W. K., Choi, J. P., Yoon, S. M., Lee, J. S., 2012, Low Temperature Powder Injection Molding of Iron Micro-Nano Powder Mixture, Powder Technol., 228 199-205. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.05.016]
  • Choi, J. P., Lyu, H. G., Lee, W. S., Lee, J. S., 2014, Densification and Microstructural Development during Sintering of Powder Injection Molded Fe Micro-Nano Powder, Powder Technol., 253 596-601. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.11.048]
  • Suri, P., Atre, S. V., German, R. M., de Souza, J. P., 2003, Effect of Mixing on the Rheology and Particle Characteristics of Tungsten-based Powder Injection Molding Feedstock, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 356:1-2 337-344. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00146-1]
  • Kong, X., Barriere, T., Gelin, J. C., 2012, Determination of Critical and Optimal Powder Loadings for 316L Fine Stainless Steel Feedstocks for Micro-Powder Injection Molding, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 212:11 2173-2182. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.05.023]
  • Sangle, G. C., Akasay, I. A., 1990, Simultaneous Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction in a Disordered Porous Medium: Application to Binder Removal from a Ceramic Green Body, Chem. Eng. Sci., 45:7 1719-1731. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(90)87050-3]
  • Cima, M. J., Lewis, J. A., Devoe, A. D., 1989, Binder Distribution in Ceramic Greenware During Thermolysis, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 72 :7 1192-1199. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb09707.x]
  • Lewis, J. A., Galler, M. A., Bentz, D. P., 1996, Computer Simulations of Binder Removal from 2-D and 3-D Model Particulate Bodies, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 79:5 1377-1388. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08599.x]
  • Choi, J. P., Lyu, H. G., Lee, W. S., Lee, J. S., 2014, Investigation of the Rheological Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Micro-nano Powder Feedstock for Micro Powder Injection Molding, Powder Technol., 261 201-209. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2014.04.047]
  • Jung, I. D., Park, J. M., Kang, T. G., Kim, S. J., Park, S. J., 2015, Magneto-rheological Model for Computational Analysis of Magnetic Micro Powder Injection Molding, Comput. Mater. Sci., 100:partA 39-44. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.11.011]
  • Ozawa, T., 1992, Estimation of Activation Energy by Isoconversion Methods, Thermochim. Acta, 203 159-165. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(92)85192-X]
  • Kissinger, H. E., 1957, Reaction Kinetics in Differential Thermal Analysis, J. Anal. Chem., 29 1702-1706. [https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60131a045]
  • Shengjie, Y., Lam, Y. C., Yu, S. C. M., Tam, K. C., 2002, Thermal Debinding Modeling of Mass Transport and Deformation in Powder-Injection Molding Compact, Metall. Mater. Trans. B., 33 477-488. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-002-0058-6]
  • Belgacem, M., Thierry, B., Jean-Claude, G., 2013, Investigations on Thermal Debinding Process for Fine 316L Stainless Steel Feedstocks and Identification of Kinetic Parameters from Coupling Experiments and Finite Element Simulations, Powder Technol., 235 192-202. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.10.006]
  • Barone, M. R., Ulicny, J. C., 1990, Liquid-Phase Transport During Removal of Organic Binders in Injection-Molded Ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 73:11 3323-3333. [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb06456.x]
  • Hwang, K. S., Tsou, T. H., 1963, Thermal Debinding of Powder Injection Molded Parts: Observations and Mechanisms, Metall. Trans. A., 23 2775-2782. [https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02651756]
Joon Phil Choi

Senior Researcher in Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials. His research interest is Material and Process Development for Net-shape Technologies.

E-mail: jpchoi@kimm.re.kr

Taeho Ha

Principal Researcher in Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials. His research interest is Additive Manufacturing Process and Equipment Development.

E-mail: taehoha@kimm.re.kr

Min-Kyo Jung

Senior Researcher in Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials. His research interest is Design for Additive Manufacturing by using FEM.

E-mail: mkjung@kimm.re.kr

Yeo-Ul Song

Senior Researcher in Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials. Her research interests are Computer-aided Engineering and Structural Optimization.

E-mail: yeoulsong@kimm.re.kr

Pil-Ho Lee

Senior Researcher in Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials. His research interest is Process and System Development of Additive Manufacturing System.

E-mail: pilho_lee@kimm.re.kr